ECCLESIASTES

Summary

Ecclesiastes contains reflections of an old man, the “Preacher,” as he considered the question of meaning in life. He looked back and saw the futility (“vanity”) of chasing after even the good things this life can offer, including wisdom, work, pleasure, and wealth. Even if such things are satisfying for a time, death is certain to end this satisfaction. In fact, God’s judgment on Adam for his sin (Gen. 3:17–19) echoes throughout the book (especially 12:7). Yet the person who lives in the fear of the Lord can enjoy God’s good gifts. Young people, especially, should remember their Creator while they still have their whole lives before them (12:1). Traditionally interpreters of Ecclesiastes have identified the “Preacher,” who is also called “the son of David, king in Jerusalem” (1:1), as Solomon (tenth century BCE).

Context

  • Ecclesiastes 1–2 reflects the context of an Israelite king ruling in Jerusalem, but the rest of the book is less tied to specific contexts.

    Original Languages

    Hebrew

    Solomon

    • The wisest king in history.
    • Succeeded King David.
    • Built a magnificent palace.
    • Constructed the Temple in Jerusalem according to David's plans.
    • Increased trade with other nations.
    • Authored Proverbs, Song of Songs, and Ecclesiastes.
    • Known for his extraordinary wisdom and immense wealth.
    • Married foreign women and worshipped their gods, straying from God.
    • Imposed unfair taxes on the people.

    Genre

    Literature Style

    Wisdom

    Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man

    - Ecclesiastes 12:13

    Keyword

    All is vanity without God

    Ecclesiastes

    Structure

    1. What is the meaning of life? (1:1 – 2:26)
    2. Teachings about life (3:1 – 11:8)
    3. Final advice (11:9 – 12:8)
    4. Summary (12:9-14)